app/docs/interface/dashboards.md

# Dashboards and panels

A **dashboard** is a grid of widgets bound to message names. It can show values
and send controls across several flows. A **panel** assigns published dashboards
to a paired screen, such as a wall tablet.

## Building one

1. Open **Dashboards → New dashboard**.
2. Enter edit mode, choose **Add widget** and select a type.
3. Bind the widget to a message in its settings. On desktop, drag and resize
   tiles on the grid.
4. **Publish** when the dashboard is ready.

Edits stay in a draft; paired screens show the published version. On phones,
tiles stack in one column and dragging is disabled, but settings remain editable.

Controls can publish real values while you edit, so choose their targets with
care. Your new Switch may already be flipping something!

## The widgets

### Display

| Widget | Binds to | Shows |
|---|---|---|
| **Value** | anything | formatted reading, unit and precision |
| **Gauge** | `float`, `int` | reading within a min/max range |
| **Chart** | numeric messages, a query response or run metrics | up to five lines |
| **Bar** | `float`, `int` | up to eight readings with separate scales |
| **Icon** | numbers, booleans or strings | a glyph selected from the value |
| **Text** | — | Markdown |
| **Agenda** | `list` | upcoming items |
| **Forecast** | `list` | an outlook strip |
| **Notification** | `record` | title, body and severity |
| **Media** | `image`, `audio`, `video`, `artifact` | image, audio or video |
| **Player** | `record` | playback status and transport controls |
| **Clock** | — | current time |
| **Website** | — | embedded page or image |

Every widget has a title. **Show title** controls its visibility; the title
still names the widget for accessibility and published values.

### Input

| Widget | Publishes | Settings |
|---|---|---|
| **Button** | fixed value | one-shot action |
| **Buttons** | a value per button | grid of actions |
| **Switch** | `bool` | on/off |
| **Slider** | `float`, `int` | min, max, step; horizontal or vertical; a reading beside it |
| **Input** | text or number | free entry |
| **Selector** | selected value | menu or row of choices |
| **Colour** | list or string | HSV, RGB or hex |

Colour defaults to `[h, s, v]`: hue 0–360°, saturation and brightness 0–100%.
**Sends** can select RGB (`[r, g, b]`, 0–255) or hex (`"#rrggbb"`).
HSV and RGB bind to `list`; hex binds to `str`.

Controls publish to their bound messages. The flow canvas shows them as
endpoints feeding the nodes that consume those messages.

Bindings are checked in the editor and on the server. See
[Payload types](../reference/payload-types.md).

### A slider's reading

A Slider can also show what it sets against, such as the room's temperature
beside a setpoint: **Beside it** binds `reading: {message, dtype, label}` to a
`float` or `int`. The reading is only shown, never published. It is written in
the slider's unit and to its step's decimals (a step of 0.5 writes 21 as
`21.0`), as the slider writes its own value, so the two always match; `—`
stands in for the value until one arrives. On a round face it takes the middle
(see [Round dashboards](#round-dashboards)); in a tile it is a line under the
slider's value.

It is also marked where it sits on the slider's scale, as a thermostat marks
the room's temperature: the handle is what is set, the dot what is. The dot is
at the reading's fraction of the scale, (reading − min) / (max − min) held to
0–1, so a reading outside the range sits at that end. It takes no pointer, and
there is none until a value arrives. See [Dots on the track](#dots-on-the-track).

Sizes are CSS pixels of the canvas, as in the round geometry below. The
slider's own value is at the tile's text size (14; 16 on a touch-friendly
panel), centred on a line as tall as the control (32; 48 touch-friendly).

| Part | Value |
|---|---|
| Line | 16 high, text 12: the label (muted, at most 96 wide, cut with an ellipsis), 6, the value (text colour), 6, the unit (muted). Without a label, the value and unit alone |
| Row | directly under the slider's value, right-aligned with it, in the column right of the track (12 apart). With ticks the line shares the ticks' row, so the tile grows no taller; without them it adds 16 |
| Row width | the value column is as wide as its wider line, but at most half the row; the track takes the rest. What does not fit is cut from the label; the value and unit never are |
| Fader | directly under the slider's value, both centred under the track, 8 below it; the line no wider than the tile inside its padding, cut from the label first |

### Dots on the track

A slider's ticks, a selector's options on a round face and a slider's reading
are dots inside the track, on its midline — on a round face the ring's centre
line, radius c − 20. Each is drawn in the colour that reads on what covers it:
the track, the value's fill, or the handle.

| Dot | Size, tile / ring | On the track | On the fill | On the handle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop: a tick, an option | half the track's thickness (4 on the 8 track) / 6 | `--muted-foreground` | `--primary-foreground` at 70 % | hidden under it |
| Reading | the track's thickness (8) / 12 | `--foreground` | `--primary-foreground` | Fluksio `--foreground`, Material `--primary-foreground`, Glass black at 75 % |

The reading is a filled circle like the handle, smaller and in the text colour
rather than the handle's paint, so it reads as what the room is beside what it
is set to. It is larger than a stop and stronger in colour, and it is the one
dot that shows on the handle, so a reading at the setpoint is still visible.

| Part | Value |
|---|---|
| Place (tile) | the dot's centre on the handle's travel: handle ÷ 2 + fraction × (track length − handle) from the track's left end (from its bottom end on a fader), so a dot and the handle line up at the same value |
| Place (ring) | the dot's centre at the fraction of the sweep, as the handle |
| Ticks | with `ticks` on (the default), n intervals of the scale — the steps when there are 5 or fewer, else the first of 4, 3 or 2 that divides the steps evenly, else 4 — and a dot at each i/n, both ends included. A row keeps its labels under the track; a fader has none |
| Options | a dot per option at i/(n − 1) of the sweep (one option: the middle). The selector's ring has a value arc from the start to the selected option, so the options up to it are on the fill |
| Colour change | where the fill or the handle covers a dot, that part of it takes the colour for the fill or the handle, so a dot changes colour as the fill's end or the handle passes over it, and follows them while they move. A device may instead switch a whole dot when the fill's end or the handle's centre passes the dot's centre |
| Order | track, dots, fill, the dots again over the fill, handle, the reading again over the handle |
| Locked | in a tile, the dots at 0.45 opacity, as the handle; on the ring, the whole ring at 0.45 |

## Charts

Choose the chart's data source:

- **Live:** recent numeric message history, updated as values arrive.
- **Query:** publishes a `record` request containing `range_s` and
  `interval_s`, then draws a flow's `series` response. Include those fields in
  the answer so the chart can reject responses for a different window.
- **Runs:** compares a numeric metric from named runs, a sweep or the latest
  runs of a flow. See [Runs](../concepts/runs.md).

Multi-line charts show a legend as well as different colours.

!!! tip "Skip the unfinished bucket"

    If your query aggregates into time buckets, leave out the bucket still
    filling. Otherwise an incomplete total can look like a sudden drop.

## Media tiles

Media messages contain artifact references; the widget loads the bytes they
name. **Crop or fit** controls image sizing. **Play as it arrives** enables
autoplay, subject to the browser's rules for sound.

For local streams, `volatile=True` artifacts can be pushed over the websocket
with their message. Stored artifacts are fetched individually, as are frames
viewed through a portal. Use occasional snapshots for remote screens.

For continuous video, set **Live stream** to a browser-compatible camera URL.
The browser must be able to reach that URL; enrollment does not expose the
camera itself. See [Media payloads](../reference/payload-types.md#image-audio-video).

## Player tiles

A Player reads a status `record` and publishes commands to a separate `str`
message.

| Status field | Meaning |
|---|---|
| `title`, `artist`, `album` | track details |
| `status` | `play`, `pause`, `stop`, `load` or `off` |
| `position`, `duration` | seconds |

Controls send `toggle`, `next`, `prev` and `seek:<seconds>`. Your receiving
node translates those into device actions. The position advances in the
browser between readings and resets to each fresh reading.

## Website tiles

Set **Address** to a page to embed, or choose **Image** for a snapshot or MJPEG
URL. A website may refuse embedding.

Embedded pages run in a sandbox without cookies or storage by default.
**Trusted site** permits the site's own origin, cookies and storage.
Use it only for a trusted destination. The app blocks trusted embeds of its
own origin, including the portal origin, to protect your session.

## Dashboard settings

Open **Dashboard settings** from the dock. Each setting can hold a fixed value
or follow a message chosen in **Driven by**. The fixed value is the fallback
when no usable message value is available.

| Setting | Choices | Message type |
|---|---|---|
| **Look** | `fluksio`, `material`, `glass` | `str` |
| **Theme** | `system`, `light`, `dark` | `str` |
| **Palette** | ordered hex colours | `list` |
| **Background** | image URL | `str` |
| **Lock** | read-only on/off | `bool` |

To change one on a schedule, have a scheduled node publish its bound message.

### Look and theme

**Fluksio** is the default look. **Material** uses flat tonal cards; **Glass**
uses translucent tiles. Widgets work the same in all three.

Theme follows the chosen preference unless a palette sets the background
colour.

### Palette

Paste a colour list or a [Coolors](https://coolors.co) palette link. Colours
have roles by position:

| Position | Role |
|---|---|
| 1 | background |
| 2 | widget surface |
| 3 | primary controls and first chart line |
| 4 | accent |
| 5 | text |
| 6+ | additional chart lines |

Missing roles are derived, so three colours are enough to get started.
**Rotate** shifts their order. Text contrast is corrected automatically;
failure and success indicators keep their status colours.

### Background and lock

Background draws an image beneath the widgets. Lock disables publishing from
controls and shows **Read-only** when viewing the dashboard. It does not
restrict API permissions and does not disable controls in edit mode.

## Round dashboards

For a round screen such as a rotary knob, set the canvas to **Round** in the
dashboard settings, or pick the **Knob** preset (360×360). A round canvas is
square (`shape: "round"` forces `canvas_height` to `canvas_width`), and nothing
outside its circle is drawn. It fills the screen at any width: a phone neither
stacks nor pads it.

A round dashboard has no grid. It shows one widget at a time, each drawn as the
whole face, in the order of `widgets`; `layout` is not read. In the editor, the
faces are a row above the dock: press one to show it and open its settings,
drag it along the row (or Alt+←/→) to move it, and add more with **Add widget**.

A Slider, Selector, Colour or Gauge draws on the **ring** along the edge, which
a knob's own ring turns. In a browser, drag along the ring or use the mouse
wheel (or the arrow keys once it has focus): one notch is one step, one option
(no wrap) or one hue step (`hue_step`, default 5°, wrapping). The value moves
at once and is published once, 300 ms after the last notch or when the pointer
is released. A Gauge only shows. On any other face, turning a knob only wakes
the screen.

A Slider's reading (**Beside it**) is written large in the middle, under its
label; the slider's own title and value move to the line in the ring's gap.

Value, Bar, Switch, Button, Clock, Icon, Notification and Text have faces of
their own. Every other type is drawn as its rectangular body in the middle of the
face, and the editor marks it **Poor fit for round**.

### Moving between faces

| Gesture | Effect |
|---|---|
| Swipe left / right | next / previous face of this dashboard; stops at either end |
| Swipe up / down | next / previous dashboard of the panel (`/panel/{id}` only); stops at either end |
| Page dot | that face |
| PageDown / PageUp | next / previous face |
| Shift+PageDown / Shift+PageUp | next / previous dashboard of the panel |
| Arrow keys | turn the ring, not the page |

A swipe carries the page with the finger ([Swiping](#swiping)); a drag that
starts on the ring turns the ring instead. A dashboard reopens on the face it
was last left on in this session, otherwise on its first. Landing on another
dashboard shows its title and icon in the middle of the face for one second; a
round panel has no rail.

### Geometry

Devices that draw dashboards natively use these numbers. They are canvas
pixels, scaled with the canvas; S is the canvas width and c = S/2. Angles are
degrees clockwise from three o'clock. Text sizes are font sizes; muted is the
look's muted text colour.

| Part | Value |
|---|---|
| Face | circle of diameter S at (c, c) |
| Title | one line centred at y = c − 80, 18, muted, at most 200 wide; the widget's title, or the label of a slider's reading |
| Middle | a 240 × 128 box centred at (c, c); what a face draws in its middle is centred in it and clipped to it |
| Centre reading | centred at (c, c), line height 1, its unit after it at 0.4 em, muted. Size: 72, or 240 ÷ (0.6 × the characters written) rounded down where that is smaller, never below 24 |
| Ring band | 40 along the edge |
| Ring arc | start 120°, sweep 300° (ends at 60°), centre-line radius c − 20, stroke 16 with round caps |
| Slider | track over the sweep, value arc from the start to the value (none at the minimum), handle 28 across, its ticks as [dots](#dots-on-the-track); the value as the centre reading |
| Slider with a reading | the reading as the centre reading; the gap line holds the title (muted) and the slider's value. The reading as a dot 12 across on the centre line at its fraction of the sweep ([Dots on the track](#dots-on-the-track)) |
| Selector | a value arc from the start to the selected option (none at the first), a dot 6 across per option at i/(n−1) of the sweep (one option: the middle), the selected one under the handle; its label as the centre reading, at most 36 |
| Colour | hue h at h/360 of the sweep in 150 strokes of 2°, red at both ends; the handle filled with the colour; a swatch 96 across in the middle, with a hairline border |
| Gauge | track and value arc, no handle; the value as the centre reading |
| Gap line | centred at y = S − 28, 15, at most 140 wide, clear of the ring's end caps |
| Value | the reading as the centre reading, to its precision; a word shrinks like any other |
| Bar | an arc per row, the first outermost, each over the ring's sweep (start 120°, 300°) with round caps: a track in the look's track paint and the row's value arc in its data colour, on its own scale (none at the minimum). n rows share a band 64 thick inward from c − 12, 3 apart: stroke s = min(16, (64 − 3(n − 1)) / n), centre-line radius rᵢ = c − 12 − s/2 − i(s + 3), so up to three rows are 16 thick and the first is on the ring (c − 20). The middle is the legend, a line per row in order: a dot 8 across in the row's colour, 8, the label (muted, cut with an ellipsis), 8, the value and unit to the row's precision (— for none). Lines of 22 at 17 for up to 5 rows, 18 at 15 for 6–7, 16 at 13 for 8; the block centred at (c, c), as wide as its widest line but at most 240 and at most the width of the disc inside the innermost arc (radius c − 12 − n·s − 3(n − 1)) at the block's top and bottom, less 16. The title is at most that disc's width at the title's line (y = c − 89), less 8 |
| Switch | a disc 128 across centred at (c, c): the look's button, filled when on and tonal when off, with a power glyph 40 over the word On or Off at 17; a press toggles |
| Button | a disc 128 across centred at (c, c), tonal, its label at 17 over at most three lines; a press sends its value |
| Clock | the time (hours and minutes, the device's locale) sized as a centre reading, over the date (weekday, day, month) at 17, muted, 4 apart; the pair centred at (c, c) |
| Icon | the glyph 96 across over its label at 17, muted, 4 apart; the pair centred at (c, c). Nothing matched: a dash at 72, muted |
| Notification | the title at 17, medium (an error in the destructive colour, led by ⚠), over the body at 17, muted; centred lines in the middle |
| Text | centred lines at 17: `#` at 1.35 em and `##` medium, `###` muted, list items led by a bullet; in the middle |
| Not wired | the problem, at 17, muted, in the middle; a ring type draws no ring |
| Any other type | its rectangular body, without a card, from y = c − 64 to c + S/(2√2), x = c ± S/(2√2) (Knob: 53–307 × 116–307) |
| Page dots | one per face, from two faces: dots 6 across on targets 16 apart (closer when more than 128 wide would be needed), centred at y = S − 12; the current one in the text colour, the others muted at half opacity |
| Dashboard name | a pill centred at (c, c), 36 high: the icon 16 and the title at 15, medium, at most 220 wide, on the frosted surface; for 1000 ms |
| Paging | faces slide sideways, dashboards up and down; see [Motion](#motion) |
| Locked | controls do nothing and read as disabled; the ring at 0.45 opacity. **Read-only** in the gap line's place (centred at y = S − 28): a lock glyph 15 and the word at 15, 6 apart, muted. A face whose gap line is in use leads that line with the lock glyph instead. Nothing is drawn outside the circle |

Paint follows the look: Fluksio draws a muted track, a primary value and a
handle of the ground colour ringed in primary; Material a tonal track and a
primary handle; Glass a translucent track, a glowing value and a white handle.
A Switch or Button face wears the look's own button.

## Motion

How a dashboard moves, for devices that draw it natively. Distances are canvas
pixels. Each look moves at its own spring; a device without springs runs the
spring's closed form for the duration given and then sets the end value, or
uses the cubic-bezier that stands in for it.

| Look | Spring (stiffness, damping, mass) | ζ, ω₀ | Duration (within 1 %) | Overshoot | Cubic-bezier stand-in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluksio | 420, 34, 1 | 0.830, 20.49 s⁻¹ | 210 ms | 0.9 % | (0.26, 0.12, 0.25, 1.01) over 250 ms, at most 1.5 % off |
| Material | 550, 38, 1 | 0.810, 23.45 s⁻¹ | 270 ms | 1.3 % | (0.20, 0.11, 0.27, 1.19) over 260 ms, at most 1.7 % off |
| Glass | 320, 22, 0.8 | 0.688, 20.00 s⁻¹ | 330 ms | 5.1 % | (0.26, 0.20, 0.20, 1.33) over 320 ms, at most 1.7 % off |

From rest, a spring's progress is p(t) = 1 − e^(−ζω₀t)·(cos ω_d t +
(ζω₀/ω_d)·sin ω_d t), with ω_d = ω₀·√(1 − ζ²). "Spring" below is the
dashboard's look's.

| What | Moves | From → to | Timing | Input during it |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Face paging (round) | the faces, side by side on a track | the track slides one face width S, the new face coming in from the side it lies on (the next from the right). A dot that skips faces brings its face in beside the one shown, so a turn is always one width | spring, from where the track is (a swipe's release speed carried on) | a new turn while one runs: the running one lands at once and the next starts |
| Dashboard paging (round panel) | the dashboard, and beside it the next one's name | slides S up (the next, from below) or down (the previous, from above), the name pill centred on an otherwise empty face; once it has landed and the dashboard has loaded, the dashboard replaces its name in place. One opened by its address replaces the last at once | spring | further paging waits for the turn to land |
| Page dot | the current dot and the last | muted at 0.5 opacity ↔ text colour at 1 | 200 ms, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) | retargets |
| Dashboard name | the pill | opacity 0 → 1, held 1000 ms, 1 → 0; on a dashboard a turn brought, where the name came in already, it starts at 1 | in 200 ms, out 150 ms, cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) | — |
| Ring value set by a notch, a key or the engine | the value arc's end, the handle (slider, selector, colour) | from where it is drawn to the new fraction of the sweep | spring | each notch retargets from where it is, at the speed it has |
| Ring value set by a drag | the same | follows the pointer exactly | none | — |
| Hue across red | the colour handle | a change of more than half the sweep jumps to the other end | none | — |
| Slider's reading on the ring, gauge on the ring | the reading's dot; the value arc | from where it is drawn to the new fraction; a dot's colour follows the fill and the handle as they pass | spring | retargets |
| Numbers on the ring | centre reading, gap line | switch at once, with the notch | none | — |
| Value face, Value and Gauge tiles | the number | counts to the new value, written to its precision | spring | retargets |
| Slider tile set elsewhere | the fill's end, the handle, the reading's dot | from where it is drawn to the new fraction | spring | a drag or a key moves it at once |
| Gauge and Bar tiles | the value arc, each bar's fill | from where it is drawn to the new fraction | spring | retargets |
| Dashboard change (rectangular panel) | every tile | the old dashboard goes at once; each new tile opacity 0 → 1, y +8 → 0 | spring | — |
| Rail | the current entry's marker | slides to the new entry | spring | retargets |

With reduced motion asked for, nothing travels on its own: a page under the
finger still follows it, but every turn, return and value lands at once. The
dot and the name pill, which only change colour or opacity, keep their timing.

A device may simplify where its hardware is slow, keeping the direction and
the end state: a turn a key or a dot asked for may cut; a retarget may restart
the curve from where it is without carrying the speed; a counting number may
switch; and the value arc may be redrawn each frame as an arc to the eased
angle, which is what the browser's reveal amounts to.

### Swiping

Faces are swiped sideways and a panel's dashboards up and down, with the page
under the finger, as a tile view moves.

| Part | Value |
|---|---|
| Start | a press anywhere on the face but the ring band, which turns the ring instead |
| Axis | none until the drag has gone 8 from where it began along either axis; then the longer of the two, kept until release |
| Follow | the page moves with the drag one to one, and the page that way is drawn beside it, edge to edge, S away: the next face, or the next dashboard's name pill on an otherwise empty face |
| Past the last | nothing beside it; the page moves 0.3 of the drag, at most 48 |
| Release | turns if the drag went at least S/4 (90 on the Knob), or went at least 8 and was moving at least 500 a second towards the next page over its last 80 ms; otherwise goes back |
| Turn, go back | the look's spring from where the page is, carrying the release speed; a device may use the look's cubic-bezier over its duration from where it is |
| Press during a turn | lands the turn at once; the new drag starts from a page at rest |
| A swipe that began on a control | is not a press of it |

## Showing one

Open `/view/{name}` for a dashboard-only view with your normal session.
For a dedicated screen, pair a panel.

## Panels: hanging a screen on a wall

As a superuser:

1. Open **Dashboards → Panels**, add a panel and select its dashboards.
2. Enable **Touch friendly** for larger controls.
3. Open the displayed pairing link on the device. It shows a six-character code.
4. Enter that code for the panel, check the device description, then press
   **Pair device**.

The screen collects its credential and shows the assigned published dashboards.
Several dashboards get a navigation rail.

A panel credential permits its assigned dashboards, their bound messages and
the artifacts they show. It also permits publishing from its controls and query
charts. On a locked dashboard only the query charts may still publish.

**Unpair screen** revokes a locally paired credential and keeps the panel's
dashboard assignments. Deleting the panel removes the assignment and its
access.

### A screen without a browser

The openpanel firmware, kept in its own repository, draws dashboards as native
widgets on an ESP32-P4 wall panel (Waveshare ESP32-P4-WIFI6-Touch-LCD-7B,
1024×600). Once its config page points it at this instance, it shows the
pairing code itself; enter it as in step 4. It reads the same published
dashboards and live values and draws every widget type with two exceptions,
both shown as a placeholder: a website tile that embeds a page (image tiles
work), and a chart of runs, which a panel credential may not read. Media tiles
play MJPEG streams, pushed frames, images, and H.264 Baseline or MJPEG clips up
to 640×360. Re-encode other clips with the [clip recipe](../code/nodes.md#making-clips-playable-on-an-lvgl-panel).

The device decides what the panel's [I/O](#the-devices-own-io) port names
mean. openpanel serves `gpio.<n>`, `backlight`, `touch`, `mic` and `speaker`,
lists each one's `config` in its README and ignores any other name. A browser
screen serves none of them.

### The device's own I/O

A panel can also act as a node. Under **I/O**, wire a port on the device to a
message:

| Field | Meaning |
|---|---|
| `port` | The device's name for it, such as `gpio.4`, `backlight`, `touch`, `mic` or `speaker`. Lowercase letters, digits, `_` and `.` |
| `direction` | `in`: the device publishes to the message. `out`: the device follows it |
| `message` | A qualified `flow.name`. A flow must declare it, as for a control |
| `config` | A JSON object passed to the device unread, such as `{"pull": "up", "debounce_ms": 50}` |

The credential may publish to its `in` messages even when a dashboard is
locked, and may upload an artifact named after one
(`PUT /artifacts?name=<message>`), which is how a microphone sends a recording.
`out` messages are read only.

!!! note "If the local link is wrong"

    Pairing links use `FRONTEND_HOST`. Set it to the app address reachable
    from the screen's network.

### A screen somewhere you cannot reach

An [enrolled instance](portal.md) also shows a portal pairing link. Use that
link on the remote screen, then approve its code in the same dialog. The
device description says *via portal*.

The instance enforces the same dashboard and message limits. Remote
credentials are issued by the portal, so **Unpair screen** does not revoke
them; revoke them at the portal. Deleting the panel removes access on the
instance.

## See also

- [Payload types](../reference/payload-types.md)
- [Flows, nodes and messages](../concepts/flows.md)
- [Accounts and the portal](portal.md)